Class 10 Social Science Chapter 6 – Manufacturing Industries Solutions | NCERT | CBSE Board (English Medium)
Class 10 Social Science Chapter 6 – Manufacturing Industries (NCERT Solutions for CBSE Board – English Medium)
This chapter from Contemporary India – II (Geography) explains the role of manufacturing industries in the economic development of a country. It covers factors influencing the location of industries, types of industries in India, and their importance in the national economy. The chapter also highlights industrial pollution and sustainable practices.
✅ What You Will Learn:
- Importance of manufacturing and industrialisation in development
- Factors influencing the location of industries (availability of raw materials, power, markets, labour)
- Classification and distribution of major industries (iron & steel, textile, chemical, cement, etc.)
- Industrial pollution and environmental degradation
🎯 Ospin Academy Advantages:
- Complete NCERT Solutions for Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries
- Prepared as per CBSE Class 10 Board Exam
- Well-structured answers for 1-mark, 3-mark, and long questions
- Covers important CBSE exam-based case studies and map questions
- Easy-to-understand explanations with real industrial examples from India
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Chapter 6
Manufacturing Industries
Q.1A Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw material?
A. Aluminium
B. Cement
C. Paper
D. Steel
Ans.: The common materials to manufacture cement include: limestone, shells, and chalk.
Q.1B Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer, etc.?
A. Steel
B. Aluminium
C. Electronic
D. Information Technology
Ans.: The Electronic manufacturing firms deal with the manufacturing of telephones, computers etc.
Q.2A Answer the following briefly in not more than 30 words. What is manufacturing?
Ans.: Manufacturing implies to the production of finished more valuable products from raw materials. The finished goods are more expensive as compared to raw materials, thus manufacturing firms earn huge profits by processing raw stuff to finished goods on a large scale.
Q.2B Answer the following briefly in not more than 30 words. What are basic industries? Give an example.
Ans .:The industries which supply the raw materials to the manufacturers for the production of finished goods are known as Basic industries or Key industries . e.g. iron and steel and copper smelting, aluminium smelting.
Q.3A Write the answers of the following questions in 120 words. How do industries pollute the environment?
Ans.: The rapid growth in industries has led to considerable economic growth. However, apart from the benefits it has also contributed to the increase in pollution of land, water, air, noise resulting in degradation of the environment. Industries contribute to the following five types of pollution:
(a) Air pollution: The paper factories, chemic factories, pulp, chemical, dyeing and textile industries emit out large amount of smoke. This smoke releases a high amount of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide in the air which contribute to the air pollution. If there is any leakage of toxic gases it can be very hazardous with long-term effects. It can potentially affect the human health, animals, plants, buildings and the atmosphere as a whole.
(b) Water pollution: Many industries including the paper industries, chemical industries and textiles industry release harsh chemical substances and other untreated wastes materials into the water resources leading to water pollution. Agriculture and fertiliser wastes when dumbed in the water bodies contribute to lead and mercury poisoning in the water
bodies which make the water unfit for the flora and fauna of the hydrosphere.
(c) Thermal pollution: If hot water from industries is discharged into the water bodies without cooling, it leads to thermal pollution.
(d) Land pollution: Dumping of wastes specially glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging, salts ‘and garbage alters the fertility of the soil and makes it polluted. The seepage of chemical from these wastes via rainwater contaminate the groundwater and increases the concentration of toxic metals such as lead and mercury into the underground water.
(e) Noise pollution: Industrial and construction activities, machinery, factory equipment, generators-, electric drills, etc contribute to noise pollution. Noise pollution tends to cause irritation and anger, the effects are more harmful in people suffering from high BP and in infants. It can lead to hearing impairment, increased heart-beat and blood pressure.
Q.3B Write the answers of the following questions in 120 words. Discuss
the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry.
Ans.: To stop environmental degradation, following steps can be opted:
● Reuse water and recycle water to minimise the wastage.
● Rainwater harvesting must be promoted.
● Replace coal with oil and gases to reduce the emission of smoke.
● Fix generators with silencers to reduce noise pollution.
Activity
Give one word for each of the following with regard to industry. The number of
letters in each word are hinted in brackets.
(i) Used to drive machinery (5) P………………………
(ii) People who work in a factory (6) W……………………..
(iii) Where the product is sold (6) M……………………..
(iv) A person who sells goods (8) R………………………
(v) Thing produced (7) P………………………
(vi) To make or produce (11) M……………………..
(vii) Land, Water and Air degraded (9) P………………………
(i) POWER is the basic requirement to run machines in any industrial set up.
(ii) WORKER or the labours constitute for the man power required to handle machinery.
(iii) MARKET are the areas where products are sold by the manufacturers to the wholesalers or via retailers to the consumers.
(iv) RETAILER sells goods to the consumers.
(v) PRODUCT are produced as the final moiety in the manufacturing procedure.
(vi) MANUFACTURE is the process to make goods.
(vii) POLLUTION degrades the land, air, waters and soil resources.
Project work:
Q.1 Select one agro-based and one mineral-based industry in your area.
(i) What are the raw materials they use?
(ii) What are the other inputs in the process of manufacturing that involve transportation cost?
(iii) Are these factories following environmental norms?
Ans.: i) Cement industry uses raw materials like gypsum, limestone, etc.
ii) Other inputs such as gypsum and other raw materials also require transportation to the site of manufacturing and thus incur a transportation cost.
ii) Yes, the factory is situated at an area outside the residential zones, it follows the guidelines to control pollution.
Class 10 Social Science Chapter 11 – Frequently Asked Questions
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